Local Government in Korea

Chapter 1  Overview of Local Government in Korea  

Local Autonomy in Korea  

Introduction ▒

Constitutional Guarantee for Local Autonomy ▒

Development Process of Local Autonomy Administration    

The First Period (936~1948) ▒

The Second Period (1948~1988) ▒

The Third Period (1988~Present) ▒

Features of Local Government in Korea

Uniformity of the Local Autonomy System ▒

Structure of Multi-Strata Local Administration ▒

Regulation of the Local Administrative Organizations by the Central Government ▒

Two-tier Structure of Local Public Service Personnel  System ▒

Too Many Delegated Affairs ▒

Weakness and Inequity in Local Public Finance ▒

National Monitor Guardianship for Local Governments ▒

Chapter 2  Structure of Local Government  

Types of Local Government  

General Local Governments ▒

Special Local Governments ▒

Stratification of Local Government

Stratification At Present ▒ 

Reform of the Stratification Structure ▒

Administrative Area of Local Government  

The Administrative Area ▒

Alteration of Jurisdiction ▒

Power of Local Government 

Autonomous Legislative Power ▒

Organizing Power ▒

Administrative Power ▒

Financial Power ▒

Chapter 3  Residents of Local Government  

Significance and Status of Residents

Significance of Residents ▒

Status of Residents ▒

Rights of Residents

Right to Use Public Facilities and Properties ▒

Right to Receive Administrative Benefits ▒

Right to Participate in Local Elections ▒

Duties of Residents

Duties of Sharing Expenditures ▒

Duties of Being Observant of Laws and Regulations ▒

Chapter 4  Institutions of Local Government  

Local Council

Status of the Local Council ▒

Power of the Local Council ▒

Organization and Operation of Local Council ▒

Rights and Obligations of Local Councilors ▒

Executive Bodies

The Chief Executive of Local Government ▒

Auxiliary Administrative Organizations ▒

Associated Administrative Organizations ▒

Organizational Structure ▒

Local Educational Administrative Organizations ▒

Relationships between Local Council and Local Chief Executive 

Checks and Balances

Power Relationship between Local Council and Local Chief Executive ▒

Power of Local Chief Executive over Local Council ▒

Elections of Heads and Councilors of Local Government

Voting Franchise and Electoral Eligibility ▒

Election District and Full Number of Local Councilors ▒

Registration of Candidates ▒

Election Campaign ▒

Electoral Lawsuits ▒

Chapter 5  Function of Local Government  

Principles and Criteria on the Distribution of Function

Principle on the Distribution of Function ▒

Criteria for the Distribution of Functions ▒

Nature of Local Government Affairs

Local Autonomous Affairs ▒

Delegated Affairs ▒

Types of Affairs by Local Government

Affairs Belonging to Upper-Level (Provincial) Local Government ▒

Affairs Belonging to Lower-Level (Municipal) Local Government ▒

Aspects of Functional Distribution

Function of Residents  Welfare Improvement ▒

Function of Industrial and Economic Development ▒

Function of Regional Development ▒

Function of Education and Culture ▒

Function of Public Safety ▒

Function of General Administration ▒

Special Regulations on Seoul and Metropolitan Cities

Seoul Metropolitan City ▒

Autonomous District ▒

Cities with Populations of More Than 500,000 People ▒

Chapter 6  Local Government Civil Service System 

Introduction

Current Status of Personnel Administration ▒

The Legislative System ▒

Fundamental Ideology of Local Government Civil Service System ▒

Characteristics of Local Government Civil Service System ▒

Classification of Local Government Officials

Career Service and Special Career Service ▒

Classification of Grade ▒

Position Classification System ▒

Personnel Administration Organization

The Person with the Right to Appoint ▒

Personnel Administration Committee ▒

Petition Review Committee ▒

Recruitment and Examination of Local Government Officials

Recruitment of Local Government Officials ▒

Examination ▒

Education and Training

National Institute of Professional Administration ▒

Local Training Institutes ▒

Chapter 7  Local Public Finance  

Revenue and Expenditure of Local Public Finance

The Size and Structure of Local Public Finance ▒

Revenue Structure of Local Public Finance ▒

Expenditure Structure of Local Public Finance ▒

Relationships with National Public Finance

Comparison between National and Local Public Finance ▒

Local Allocation Tax ▒

National Subsidies ▒

Local Transfer Tax ▒

Operation and Budget of Local Public Finance

Budget Compilation ▒

Budget Deliberation ▒

Budget Execution ▒

Settlement of Accounts and Audits ▒

Local Public Enterprises

Introduction ▒

Local Public Enterprises by Management Types ▒

Chapter 8  Local Tax  

Local Tax System and Structure

The Tax System ▒

The Local Tax System and Structure ▒

Local Tax Revenues ▒

Local Tax Rate System ▒

Kinds of Local Tax

The Scope of Local Taxes ▒

The Acquisition Tax ▒

The Registration Tax ▒

The Race and Pari-mutuel Tax ▒

The License Tax ▒

The Resident Tax ▒

The Property Tax ▒

The Automobile Tax ▒

The Farmland Tax ▒

The Tabacco Consumption Tax ▒

The Butchery Tax ▒

The Aggregate Land Tax ▒

The Urban Planning Tax ▒

The Common Facilities Tax ▒

The Business Office Tax ▒

The Regional Development Tax ▒

Chapter 9  Intergovernmental Relations  

Relations between Central Government and Local Governments

Intergovernmental Relations (IGR) ▒

Supervision of Local Administration by the Central Government ▒

Mediation and Support by Central Government ▒

Role of the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs with regard to Local Government ▒

Relations between Upper-Level and Lower-Level Local Government

Apportionment of Roles between Upper-Level and Lower-Level Local Governments ▒

Supervision of the Upper-Level Local Chief Executive with respect to Lower-Level Local Government ▒

Relations among Local Governments

Area-Wide Administrative System ▒

Administrative Consultative Council ▒

Local Government Association ▒

Trust ▒

Chatper 10  Issues and Prospects  

Conversion of Mentality ▒

The Response to the Environmental Changes in Local Autonomy Administration as Needs Increase ▒

The Foundation of the Local Autonomy System: Functional Distribution, Structural Stratification, and Area ▒

Increase in the Financial Capacity of Local Government ▒

Balanced Regional Development ▒

Rationalization of the Local Government Administration ▒

Promoting the Globalization of Local Government ▒

Local Autonomy Act